中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
新能源车进入瓶颈期******
今年“国补”退出,将“扶上马又送一程”的新能源汽车交给市场。年初,部分车企选择涨价,但提前透支的销量和消费者的持币观望,让近期狂奔的新能源汽车大盘首现“降”字。乘用车市场信息联席会(以下简称“乘联会”)发布数据显示,今年1月1日-27日,新能源乘用车销量环比下降43%。市场作出选择,车企们也坐不住了。2月2日,传出蔚来终端“展车”降价10万元的消息,同日飞凡汽车推出新车型再降价格门槛。事实上,此前特斯拉、小鹏、问界已选择官降。业内人士认为,今年新能源车市进入“后补贴”时代,从“政策市”到市场驱动,势必会进入短暂调整期。
展车最高降价近9万
2月2日,一则“2022款蔚来ES6和ES8降幅最高超过10万元”的消息引发热议。随后,蔚来汽车相关负责人回应称:“2022款蔚来ES8、ES6和EC6车型即将迎来全新换代,目前还有少量展车和库存车可供销售,这部分车辆可以享受展车政策。”
一位蔚来汽车展厅工作人员也向北京商报记者证实了降价消息。“降价10万元有些夸张,但如果达到所有条件,ES6最高优惠能到8.3万元,ES8最高优惠可达8.9万元。”该工作人员举例称,以一辆2022年款蔚来ES6为例,目前购车能享受3年免息、1.8万元的现金优惠并赠送价值3.9万元的辅助驾驶。如果消费者同意在蔚来置换二手车,还可享受1.5万元的置换优惠。此外,购买库存时间高于90天的车型,还可享受价值1.1万元的服务无忧政策。
蔚来在终端市场打出降价“组合拳”的同时,飞凡汽车则通过推新降低起售价门槛。飞凡汽车宣布,自2月2日起启动飞凡R7产品价值体系调整。其中,飞凡R7推出全新屏霸版产品线,车电分离畅享价调整至19.59万元起。
据了解,本次已是飞凡汽车今年内第二次调价。今年1月,飞凡汽车宣布,2月28日前购买飞凡R7可享受价值2.1万元的限时购车礼遇,车电分离价为21.85万元起。此次价格调整,该车型起售价直接降至19.59万元,较上次优惠价格下调2.26万元。
事实上,相比蔚来和飞凡汽车变相降价,今年初小鹏汽车与问界汽车直接选择官降。其中,小鹏汽车旗下车型最大降幅高达3.6万元。“官降后,消费者到店还可继续与销售人员商谈现金优惠。”一位小鹏汽车销售人员透露,P7车型的625与670版本,到店购车可享受1.5万元现金优惠,如果消费者用燃油车置换购车,还可享受1.8万元置换补贴。此外,G9车型也能享受5000元现金优惠。
透支效应显现车企承压
无论变相降价还是直接官降,新能源车企选择下探售价的背后来自市场压力。
乘联会发布数据显示,今年1月1日-27日,乘用车市场零售量为98.5万辆,同比下降45%,环比下降43%。其中,新能源乘用车市场零售为30.4万辆,同比下降1%,环比下降43%。
“国家利好汽车行业的购置税减半、新能源汽车补贴等政策到期,以及前几个月产销偏高等,对车市销量产生一定抑制作用。”乘联会秘书长崔东树表示,新能源乘用车销量增长达到一个瓶颈阶段,今年“国补”退出后,销量增长会是一个严峻的问题。
“我认为2023年上半年供需两端的压力都会比较大,但需求的压力肯定会更大一些。”蔚来汽车董事长、CEO李斌对北京商报记者表示,其中一部分原因便是部分用户的购车需求提前释放。数据显示,去年12月新能源乘用车零售销量高达64万辆,同比增长35.1%。
对于今年上半年车市走向,中信证券的研报认为,政策刺激结束后的需求透支效应在所难免,今年乘用车消费内需可能承压。中信证券则预计,去年四季度将小幅透支今年一季度销量,产销波动的影响约为100万辆。“去年底,为抢占各种补贴窗口期,部分用户选择提前购车,透支了部分今年的购车需求。”中国汽车流通协会专家委员会成员颜景辉表示,“国补”退出后,消费者对于车价更为关注,涨价是柄双刃剑,平衡车型成本的同时势必会让消费者产生观望情绪,车企适时降价也是在试探价格需求底线。
北京商报记者 刘洋 刘晓梦
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)